AMA Citation Guide: Reference List
Reference Format Examples
- ArticlesBoth print and online
- Audio/VisualVideos, images, and more
- BooksBoth print and online
- Gray LiteratureConference proceeding/presentation, dissertations
Nifty Tool:
This nifty tool will generate AMA citations from PMIDs, DOIs, and URLs.
Pretty slick, but be sure to double check the citation for accuracy!
General Guidelines
Authors & Editors:
- Last name then first and middle initials (e.g., Porter CL)
- Seven or more authors, list first three authors, then put “et al" (e.g., Smith RL, Brown CB, Williams AZ, et al.)
- If the author(s) represent a group, add the group name after the authors (e.g., Almond D, Currie J, Herrmann M, National Bureau of Economic Research.)
Article Titles:
- Titles of articles, chapters, web pages, and entries in reference works are set in sentence caps
- Without quotation marks or italics
- e.g., Maximizing children’s health: screening, anticipatory guidance, and counseling.
Book Titles:
- Titles of books, volumes, reference works, reports & bulletins, theses & dissertations are formatted in heading caps
- Set in italics
- e.g., Migraine: Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Management.
City, State:
- Include the 2-letter abbreviation for the state with all US cities and Canadian provinces (e.g., Roanoke, VA:)
- Add the country with all other cites (e.g., Paris, France:)
- Do not list the state if it is part of the publisher's name
URL:
- Always use the link to the reference that will take the reader directly to the source
- Do not shorten the link, but use the entire string (e.g., http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM187501070920102. Not http://www.nejm.org)