NLM Style Guide: NLM Citation Rules and Examples

See Scientific Style and Format for a detailed discussion of all three styles.

You can use any one of these three style rules, just be consistent throughout once you choose it.

We'll use these three sources to demonstrate each of the three style rules.

Garcin B, Mariani LL, Méneret A, Mongin M, Delorme C, Cormier F, Renaud MC, Roze E, Degos B. The "Neurological Hat Game": A fun way to learn the neurological semiology. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2019 Oct;175(9):528-533. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.01.395. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31076136.

Clément A, Delage R, Chollier M, Josse L, Gaudry S, Zahar JR, Baubet T, Degos B. Prospective study on a fast-track training in psychiatry for medical students: the psychiatric hat game. BMC Med Educ. 2020 Oct 19;20(1):373. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02304-0. PMID: 33076891; PMCID: PMC7574431.

Guckian J, Sridhar A, Meggitt SJ. Exploring the perspectives of dermatology undergraduates with an escape room game. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020 Mar;45(2):153-158. doi: 10.1111/ced.14039. Epub 2019 Aug 31. PMID: 31276227.

• Citation-Sequence:
  Numbered references are listed in the end of paper Reference List in the order the first appear in the body of the text. 
  In-Text Rule:  use superscript at the end of the sentence before the period.
  Students who played the "Neurological Hat Game" scored better on the MCQ tests than those who did not play the game.¹  Clement et al demonstrated similar results for the "Psychiatric Hat Game."²  Unfortunately, Guckian, Sridhar and Meggitt's escape room study measured perception rather than test scores, so it is unknown whether participants test scores improved.³
  
  Reference List at end of paper:
  1. Garcin B, Mariani LL, Méneret A, Mongin M, Delorme C, Cormier F, Renaud MC, Roze E, Degos B. The "Neurological Hat Game": A fun way to learn the neurological semiology. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2019 Oct;175(9):528-533. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.01.395. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31076136.
  2. Clément A, Delage R, Chollier M, Josse L, Gaudry S, Zahar JR, Baubet T, Degos B. Prospective study on a fast-track training in psychiatry for medical students: the psychiatric hat game. BMC Med Educ. 2020 Oct 19;20(1):373. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02304-0. PMID: 33076891; PMCID: PMC7574431.
  3.  Guckian J, Sridhar A, Meggitt SJ. Exploring the perspectives of dermatology undergraduates with an escape room game. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020 Mar;45(2):153-158. doi: 10.1111/ced.14039. Epub 2019 Aug 31. PMID: 31276227.
   
• Citation-Name:
  Numbered references are listed in the end of paper Reference List in alphabetical order by author's surname. 
  In-Text Rule: Use superscript at the end of the sentence after the period.  
  Students who played the "Neurological Hat Game" scored better on the MCQ tests than those who did not play the game.²  Clement et al demonstrated similar results for the "Psychiatric Hat Game."¹  Unfortunately, Guckian, Sridhar and Meggitt's escape room study measured perception rather than test scores, so it is unknown whether participants test scores improved.³
  
  Reference List at end of paper:  If you cite two papers by the same author, list the most recent article first.
  1.  Clément A, Delage R, Chollier M, Josse L, Gaudry S, Zahar JR, Baubet T, Degos B. Prospective study on a fast-track training in psychiatry for medical students: the psychiatric hat game. BMC Med Educ. 2020 Oct 19;20(1):373. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02304-0. PMID: 33076891; PMCID: PMC7574431.
  2.  Garcin B, Mariani LL, Méneret A, Mongin M, Delorme C, Cormier F, Renaud MC, Roze E, Degos B. The "Neurological Hat Game": A fun way to learn the neurological semiology. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2019 Oct;175(9):528-533. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.01.395. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31076136.
  3.  Guckian J, Sridhar A, Meggitt SJ. Exploring the perspectives of dermatology undergraduates with an escape room game. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020 Mar;45(2):153-158. doi: 10.1111/ced.14039. Epub 2019 Aug 31. PMID: 31276227.
   
• Name-Year: 
  In-Text use the surname and year enclosed by parentheses.
  Students who played the "Neurological Hat Game" scored better on the MCQ tests than those who did not play the game (Garcin 2019).  Clement et al (2020) demonstrated similar results for the "Psychiatric Hat Game."  Unfortunately, Guckian, Sridhar and Meggitt's (2020) escape room study measured perception rather than test scores, so it is unknown whether participants test scores improved.
  
  Reference Lis at end of paper:
  Authors are listed in the order in which they appear in the body of the text.  Two papers by the same author are listed in the order in which they appear in the paper.
  1. Garcin B, Mariani LL, Méneret A, Mongin M, Delorme C, Cormier F, Renaud MC, Roze E, Degos B. The "Neurological Hat Game": A fun way to learn the neurological semiology. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2019 Oct;175(9):528-533. doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.01.395. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31076136.
  2. Clément A, Delage R, Chollier M, Josse L, Gaudry S, Zahar JR, Baubet T, Degos B. Prospective study on a fast-track training in psychiatry for medical students: the psychiatric hat game. BMC Med Educ. 2020 Oct 19;20(1):373. doi: 10.1186/s12909-020-02304-0. PMID: 33076891; PMCID: PMC7574431.
  3.  Guckian J, Sridhar A, Meggitt SJ. Exploring the perspectives of dermatology undergraduates with an escape room game. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2020 Mar;45(2):153-158. doi: 10.1111/ced.14039. Epub 2019 Aug 31. PMID: 31276227.