BIOL 3764 - Careers in Microbiology: Search Strategies

Boolean operators are named for George Boole (1815-1864), an English Mathematician and Philosopher who is generally considered the father of modern computer science.  Boolean Algebra and Symbolic Logic both derive from his work.  Most electronic indexes (databases) require the use of Boolean operators in parsing search terms, although this is not always apparent.  Boolean search statements are incredibly useful for retrieving the specific information that you need provided 1) the statement is formatted correctly and 2) your choice of search terms is correct for the topic you are researching.  

Rather than typing a full sentence or question into a search box, using Boolean operators can help you create an efficient and effective database search.

Try the Search Strategy Builder, which will create searches out of keywords that you supply!

Boolean operators

• AND:  both terms that you connect with AND must be somewhere in an article's or work's record for that record to be retrieved.  Using AND narrows a search and retrieves fewer articles.
• OR:  only one of the search terms combined with OR is required for the bibliographic record to be retrieved.  Using OR broadens a search and retrieves more articles.
• NOT:  excludes a particular subset, category, or term.  NOT requires the presence of one search term and the exclusion of another.

You can see examples of all of these operators below.  Read more about Boolean searching here: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/disted/pubmedtutorial/020_350.html

Phrase Searching: Adding quotation marks around a phrase, such as "bushy top syndrome" will tell the database to search for these words together, rather than separately. *Keep in mind that this will narrow your search, but in some cases it's the best way to find results with a specific phrase of interest - especially when the words in that phrase are common on their own (like physical and activity).

Truncation:  A symbol, specific to the search interface, which allows the retrieval of all endings for the specified base word - an asterisk (*) is often used.  For example, child* would retrieve records with children, childish, and every other word that begins with the root word "child."

Wildcard:  A symbol, specific to the search interface, which allows the retrieval of various spellings of a word - a question mark is often used.  For example, wom?n would retrieve records with women or woman.

Read more about these sorts of tricks here: https://guides.lib.vt.edu/gettingstarted/advancedsearching

Example search statements using Boolean operators and symbols:

            Rhodococcus

"Rhodococcus fascians"

"Rhodococcus fascians" AND pistachio* AND "bushy top syndrome"

("Rhodococcus fascians" OR "Corynebacterium fascians") AND (pistachio*) AND ("bushy top syndrome" OR "leafy gall syndrome")

("Rhodococcus fascians" OR "Corynebacterium fascians") AND (pistachio* OR "pistacia vera") AND ("bushy top syndrome" OR "leafy gall syndrome")

            (Calcium AND milk) NOT goat

            child* AND anxiety AND (exercise OR "physical activity")