REDUCE: minimize how many animals are used.
REFINE: use techniques/procedures that minimize distress and pain to animals.
REPLACE: substitute animal models with non-animal techniques or lower organisms.
Adapted from: Russel, WMS and RL Burch (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Universities Federation of Animal Welfare: England, 238p.
More info:
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
Below is an overview of the required pieces of information listed under the "alternatives" literature search sections for the IACUC protocols at Virginia Tech:
See more information under the "Getting Started with Searching" tab
To find out more about 3Rs and locate additional resources available about alternatives:
Virginia Tech:
National:
IACUC.org (Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee, national organization through the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science - AALAS)
International:
As the University Libraries' liaison to the IACUC, I am here to help you with adhering to the literature review searching protocol. Please contact me if you have any questions!
Additionally, I offer workshops on how to effectively search resources through PDN or by request.