IACUC, Animal Welfare, Literature Reviews: Books /
Background
Find information to help search for alternatives (aka the "3Rs") mandated by the Animal Welfare Act and required for IACUC protocols (Breeding, section 6; Research, section 7; Instruction, section 2g) for Virginia Tech. Use the tabs below to jump to any s
The "3Rs" for Alternatives
REDUCE: minimize how many animals are used.
REFINE: use techniques/procedures that minimize distress and pain to animals.
REPLACE: substitute animal models with non-animal techniques or lower organisms.
Adapted from: Russel, WMS and RL Burch (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Universities Federation of Animal Welfare: England, 238p.
More info:
National Centre for the Replacement Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research
Books
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Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook (PDF, 2002) |
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Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (8th edition, 2011) |
| Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals (purchase print or download free online version, 1997) | |
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Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching (PDF, 3rd edition, 2010) |
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The IACUC Handbook (print copy, 3rd edition (Vet Med Library), 2014) |
